HISTORY OF THE GLASSES
Optical aberrations of eyes are of all ages: everyone must wear reading glasses for 45 years. Correcting vision is not.
1 ° FIRST INDICATION OF AN OPTICAL DEVICE
Emperor Nero was in ancient Rome (BC = 75 years) through a hole cut into the emerald gladiators have looked. It is believed that he was nearsighted. This is the earliest mention of an optical device. Glasses can not yet mention. It would be a long wait on real glasses. We can not now imagine, especially since everyone 45 years to wear glasses, as in the introduction. Did you not this was the end of your career: Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman politician, complains to the age of 41 in a letter on the vision decrease. He wrote that he remained nothing more than to be read out by slaves. We recorded 65 years before Christ.
2 ° READ STONE:
1000:
Ibn al Haitham, also called Alhazen, the Arab physician at the court of the Caliph of Egypt lives, describing the first time that a glass hemisphere can increase an object. He wrote the book Kitab al-Manazir "(in Latin" thesaurus Opticae "ie" hidden from view) or in the drawer. Here he writes about the optics, refraction and reflection. Groundbreaking is his assumption that eyes can be corrected by polished optical lenses.
1240
Erazm Golek Vitello, translated the book of Ibn al Haitham from Arabic to Latin. This gave access to Western Europe, the invention of the reading stone
-Franciscan monks, according to the principle of Alhazen the first bricks have read: convex transparent light-colored stone with a flat bottom on the book were produced. These were made from "beryl, a mineral composed of beryllium aluminum silicate. The beryl is very hard and could therefore be cut to shape as lenses to be manufactured. This mineral is the origin of the word "glasses".
1267
Roger Bacon, an English monk, describes in his Opus Majus, that placing glass bulbs in his book helps him to read this very good instruments could provide for elders and those with weak eyes, so they too sensitive to normal distance reading.
3 ° "GLASSES" = devices where the text remains free to write and where at least 1 hand remained free to work
950:
In China, special stones placed in a frame. By the magnification you could read more
13th Century
They gradually began "reading stones" in a handle assembly. We suspect that the first glasses around 1285 in Venice, then the center of glass industry, was created. Venetian glass blowers were indeed the only ones who knew how transparent glass faced. It is possible that in those days even a sort of spectacles were in use in the Arab world and in China, but data on this are somewhat vague. Anyway, in the thirteenth century, the glasses first born, and with it the profession of optician. The beginning of a long history ...
1305
Alessandro della Spina, a Franciscan monk from the Monastery of Pisa, one of the first capable of working independently to create a spectacle. But possibly the honor to Salvarino d'Armati, who died in 1317 and in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Florence was buried in his grave is stated that he was the inventor of the glasses has been.
The form of this ancient glasses is as follows: the glasses are in a thick ring, first of iron, later of wood or horn, mounted, at a point a blade or handle it; the ends thereof by means of a nail ( not) as a kind of hinge on each other: no glasses.
1352
painting by Tommaso da Modena, on display at the San Nicolokerk in Treviso, near Venice. Here you see the first image of spectacles with convex (= magnifying) glasses nearby. In this portrait we see Cardinal Hugo Province with its "no glasses")
4 "IMPROVEMENTS" = Because the glasses so indispensable (thanks to the invention of the printing press), this invention soon spread over a large area and has greatly improved:
1404
The bracket glasses is a technical improvement on the unstable no glasses, the glasses are a type 2 arc connected. These glasses can be seen on a painting by Konrad von Soest.
1420 to 1700
The cap glasses, metal glasses with a hat is confirmed, is in vogue. These glasses are worn mainly by women and makes it totally hands free
1430 to 1950
The Monocle, a further development of the reading stone until the 16th century. The glass is wedged between cheek and eyebrow. Even if his hands Fri Later, the monocle really a fad.
1600 to 1850
The eyeglasses, Pince nez, a spring construction above the nose of iron or copper, it shall in every application made.
1715
The lorgnon, also known as scissors glasses "or glasses, is actually a stick with two glasses. Sometimes they like a pair of scissors close, to take up less space. The long handle is useful for not too much hand in the visual field to sit.
1728
Scarlett, an English optician, is a great invention: he finds the seat springs "from which the glasses firmly clamped to the head and is also based on the ears. Modern glasses are born
1900:
Spectacles was initially seen as a symbol of wisdom and knowledge (eg by the mandarins, the dignitaries in China). Later changed the social status of the glasses and he laid particular emphasis on the physical defect, so much so that in some circles was taboo in public to wear glasses.
1950
Glasses are increasingly widespread, because traffic and intense computing. Both activities require the best possible view
1980
There is an ultra light metal for glasses frames: Titanium.
Today
The fashion glasses, a large variety of materials, designs, trademarks, designs and styles. The new generation glasses accentuate your face and personality. They represent a lifestyle and have become an essential attribute as viewing glasses, sunglasses and even as a fashion accessory.
In our modern society is a spectacle not only taken for granted. He is simply impossible to imagine the scene. Besides a visual medium, it is also a fully fledged fashion accessory has become subject to trends and to find the greatest fashion designers. This explains why, especially since the 30s, the most diverse designs, colors and styles of glasses to see, from classic to trendy, from playful to risky. Trends come and go and come back:
- Around the 2nd World War was the example again hip to wear a monocle eg
- Rayban the prototype of the glasses from the seventies, which is hot again
5 ALSO THE GLASS EVOLVED
Century 13: Convex lenses were the first time since anyone could use for reading from 40 years
Century 16: Concave glasses for myopia
18th century stained glass was imported (mainly green, blue and yellow) because it has found that the light was filtered and thus less harmful to the eyes. The first sunglasses!
late 18 th century: Bifocal glasses arose
Century 20: The advent of new plastics in the 20th century, unleashing a sensation. The road is paved for mass production. Plastic lenses also provide a lower weight of the glasses
1959: invention of the glass multifocal or progressive